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        <title>CAN Wiki - can_physical_layer</title>
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       <dc:date>2026-04-19T14:41:25+00:00</dc:date>
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        <title>CAN Wiki</title>
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        <dc:date>2019-03-19T10:24:50+00:00</dc:date>
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        <title>can_repeaters</title>
        <link>http://www.can-wiki.info/doku.php?id=can_physical_layer:can_repeaters&amp;rev=1552991090&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>CAN Repeater

Physical layer based repeaters are used to establish a physical coupling of two or more segments of a CAN bus system. They can be used to implement tree or star topologies as well as for long drop lines. In addition, network segments can be electrically decoupled using a galvanically isolated repeater.</description>
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        <dc:date>2018-08-21T21:09:00+00:00</dc:date>
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        <title>can_switches</title>
        <link>http://www.can-wiki.info/doku.php?id=can_physical_layer:can_switches&amp;rev=1534885740&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>CAN Bridge or Switch

A bridge provides connectivity between two or more CAN networks; cut-through bridges and switched bridges (Switch) are available.
Each network segment can operate at different bus speed. Managed Switches are working according to</description>
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        <dc:date>2018-08-21T21:09:00+00:00</dc:date>
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        <title>can_termination</title>
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        <description>CAN line termination

Ken Lennartsson, Hardware Manager at Kvaser AB, gave the following answer why termination is needed and why it is 120 Ω:

This number was defined by Martin Litschel when he was working at Bosch.

The termination have two functions. First of all it will define the recessive level of the bus with twisted pair. For this reason should the value be as low as possible to prevent any disturbance to make the bus level dominant (some 500 mV higher voltage on CAN_H compared to CAN_L)…</description>
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        <dc:date>2023-03-23T16:09:58+00:00</dc:date>
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        <title>can_transceivers</title>
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        <description>CAN Transceivers

The CAN transceiver has two tasks:

	*  Receiving: it adapts signal levels from the bus, to levels that the CAN Controller expects and has protective circuitry that protect the CAN Controller
	*  Sending: it converts the transmit-bit signal received from the CAN Controller into a signal that is sent onto the bus</description>
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        <description>CAN Physical Layer

CAN can be used with different physical layer characteristics. Some of them are described in the ISO11898 standards some not. 

Often asked questions regarding the physical layer are regarding   commonly used bit rates and CAN cable length.

High Speed CAN -- ISO 11898-2</description>
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